SAT vs ACT: Which Test Suits You Best?

If you’re new to college applications, one decision you may need to make is whether to take the SAT or the ACT. Many colleges in the US accept scores from either exam, but testing policies vary: some colleges require scores, while others are test-optional or test-preferred. Check the admissions requirements for each college you’re considering before deciding whether to submit a score.

Both exams assess knowledge and skills connected to college and career readiness. The ACT is curriculum-aligned, while the SAT measures reading, writing, and math knowledge and skills that students learn in high school. This guide explains the current similarities and differences between the ACT and SAT so you can decide which format better fits your strengths and goals.

Continue reading to learn more about the two exams in detail.

What are ACT and SAT? 

Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) 

The SAT, administered by the College Board, is a standardized college admission exam. The standard SAT is digital and has two sections: Reading and Writing, and Math. Each section is divided into two modules. Most questions are multiple-choice questions, although some Math questions require you to enter an answer.

The SAT takes 2 hours and 14 minutes: 64 minutes for Reading and Writing and 70 minutes for Math, with a 10-minute break between the sections. The total score ranges from 400 to 1600, with each section scored from 200 to 800. According to the College Board’s scoring guidance, it is generally better to guess than to leave a question blank, especially if you can eliminate one or two answer choices. The standard SAT does not include an optional essay, although some state-administered in-school versions may include an essay.

American College Testing (ACT) 

The ACT is a standardized college admission exam with three core multiple-choice sections: English, Math, and Reading. Science and Writing are optional add-ons. The optional Science section tests data interpretation and scientific reasoning, while the optional Writing section is a 40-minute essay.

The ACT Composite score ranges from 1 to 36 and is calculated by averaging the English, Math, and Reading scores, then rounding to the nearest whole number. The optional Science section is scored separately on a scale of 1 to 36, and the optional Writing section is scored separately on a scale of 2 to 12. Students register online through MyACT, and fees depend on the selected add-ons and services.

Similarities between ACT and SAT 

The SAT and ACT are both standardized college admission exams. Both assess reading and math skills, and most colleges in the US accept scores from either test. Admissions policies still vary by institution, so check each college’s requirements before deciding whether to take a test or submit your scores.

Both exams assess knowledge and skills connected to college and career readiness. The SAT combines reading and writing skills in one section, while the ACT has separate English and Reading sections. The ACT also offers optional Science and Writing sections.

For both tests, it is generally best to answer every question. ACT explicitly states that there is no penalty for guessing. College Board also advises most SAT test takers to guess rather than leave a question blank, especially after eliminating one or two answer choices.

The standard SAT takes 2 hours and 14 minutes. The core ACT takes 2 hours and 5 minutes. If selected, the ACT Science and Writing sections each add 40 minutes.

Differences between ACT and SAT 

The standard SAT is digital and adaptive. Each section has two modules, and your performance on the first module affects the difficulty of the second module. The ACT is linear rather than adaptive. For US national testing, students can choose between paper and online testing where available.

The SAT Reading and Writing section uses short passages or passage pairs followed by a single multiple-choice question. The ACT has separate English and Reading sections. The ACT also offers an optional Science section and an optional Writing essay, while the standard SAT does not include an optional essay.

The scoring ranges also differ. The SAT total score ranges from 400 to 1600, with Reading and Writing and Math each scored from 200 to 800. The ACT Composite score ranges from 1 to 36 and is the rounded average of the English, Math, and Reading scores. The optional ACT Science and Writing sections are scored separately.

The SAT Math section covers Algebra, Advanced Math, Problem-Solving and Data Analysis, and Geometry and Trigonometry. ACT Math covers skills typically learned through the beginning of grade 12, including algebra, functions, geometry, statistics and probability, number and quantity, and essential multi-step problem-solving skills. Math contributes half of the SAT total score, while it is one of the three core section scores averaged to calculate the ACT Composite score.

Calculators are permitted throughout the SAT Math section, and the digital SAT includes an embedded Desmos calculator. ACT permits calculators during the Math section. Students taking the ACT online also have access to a built-in Desmos calculator during Math.

Which Test is Right for You? 

Are you still unsure which test to take? The checklist below can help you compare the current formats. Read each statement and mark the column that best matches your preferences. This is an informal guide, so you should also take official SAT and ACT practice tests before making your decision.

Now, count the check marks in each column that match your preferences to see what your result means.

Mostly SAT choices – The SAT may be the right test for you

The SAT may suit you better if you prefer a digital, adaptive exam, short Reading and Writing passages, and the ability to use an embedded calculator throughout Math. You should also be comfortable entering answers for some Math questions.

Mostly ACT choices – The ACT may be the right test for you

The ACT may suit you better if you prefer a linear exam, want the option to test on paper or online where available, or would like to add Science or Writing sections.

Equal SAT and ACT choices – Both tests may work for you

If the two columns are tied, either exam may be suitable. Take official SAT and ACT practice tests under timed conditions, then compare the formats and your results before registering.

Although most colleges in the US accept scores from either exam, testing policies vary. Check the admissions requirements for each college you’re considering. You can also assess your abilities by taking practice tests available on the official ACT and College Board websites. By exploring the questions, experiencing the time constraints, and familiarizing yourself with the formats, you can estimate which test may be a better fit.

We hope this article has helped explain the differences between the SAT and ACT. If you are interested, check out the available courses for international students and the Scholarships Page for information about scholarships and universities across the globe!